• Acylgermanes: Photoinitiators and Sources for Ge-Centered Radicals. Insights into their Reactivity
    D. Neshchadin, A. Rosspeintner, M. Griesser, B. Lang, S. Mosquera-Vazquez, E. Vauthey, V. Gorelik, R. Liska, C. Hametner, B. Ganster, R. Saf, N. Moszner and G. Gescheidt
    Journal of the American Chemical Society, 135 (46) (2013), p17314-17321
    DOI:10.1021/ja404433u | unige:31278 | Abstract | Article HTML | Article PDF
Acylgermanes have been shown to act as efficient photoinitiators. In this investigation we show how dibenzoyldiethylgermane 1 reacts upon photoexcitation. Our real-time investigation utilizes femto- and nanosecond transient absorption, time-resolved EPR (50 ns), photo-chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization, DFT calculations, and GC-MS analysis. The benzoyldiethylgermyl radical G• is formed via the triplet state of parent 1. On the nanosecond time scale this radical can recombine or undergo hydrogen-transfer reactions. Radical G• reacts with butyl acrylate at a rate of 1.2 ± 0.1 × 108 and 3.2 ± 0.2 × 108 M–1 s–1, in toluene and acetonitrile, respectively. This is ˜1 order of magnitude faster than related phosphorus-based radicals. The initial germyl and benzoyl radicals undergo follow-up reactions leading to oligomers comprising Ge–O bonds. LC-NMR analysis of photocured mixtures containing 1 and the sterically hindered acrylate 3,3-dimethyl-2-methylenebutanoate reveals that the products formed in the course of a polymerization are consistent with the intermediates established at short time scales.

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